Homelands and identities
First Nations, Inuit and Métis histories and land relationships are distinct. This atlas links available community sources and does not infer territorial boundaries from directory points.
CANADA / PEOPLES, LAND & TREATIES
Indigenous Atlas
Explore places and treaty relationships.
Follow the history. Meet communities today.
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CANADAEqual-area projection
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Historic treaty areaModern treaty areaInuit NunangatCommunity locationReserve landLesson reference place
Contemporary reference geometry, downloaded 28 September 2026. Treaty outlines are generalized and may overlap. Unshaded land does not mean there are no Indigenous rights or relationships to it. Community points are directory locations, not territorial boundaries.
This filters treaty names by their first signing year. Shown outlines are today's reference extents, not a reconstruction of boundaries in that year; later adhesions are not animated.
READ THE NUMBERS
People and places are different measures
Community directory records
Records matching the community group and search filters. These are locations, not population counts.
Directory includes First Nation groups/subgroups, Inuit communities, and eight Alberta Métis settlements. It is not a complete directory of Métis communities or urban Indigenous populations.
People counted in the 2021 Census
Canada-wide, single Indigenous identity responses. These figures do not change with the map filters.
First Nations 1,048,405 · Métis 624,220 · Inuit 70,545. These are census identity counts, not registered membership. Other identity-response categories are not shown. Some reserves and settlements were incompletely enumerated.
Statistics Canada · 2021 Census ↗READING THE LAYERS
Land relationships and reference layers
Treaties and accounts
Government transcripts, original records, oral histories and Nation accounts have different authors and purposes. A map outline does not carry the whole treaty record.
Treaty education ↗Land status and reserve references
Reserve lands and modern treaty areas are separate layers. Treaty areas are not property-title maps. Zoom in to inspect a reserve feature and follow the official land-survey source.
Property title
This atlas does not identify parcel owners. Ownership, interests in land and legal boundaries require the relevant land registry and survey records.
Canada Lands Survey System ↗Sources, coverage and map methods
Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence – Canada. No government endorsement is implied.
Map layers: ISC/CIRNAC ATRIS public service, downloaded 28 September 2026. Historic treaty layer: 17 features including all 11 Numbered Treaties. Modern treaty layer: 29 source features, including multiple areas for some agreements; feature count is not a count of unique treaties. Inuit Nunangat: four regions. Reserve polygons are generalized for this atlas.
Community directory: WolfWhale's 28 September 2026 source snapshot, 638 First Nation records, 51 Inuit communities and eight Métis settlements. The eight Métis settlement entries have no verified coordinates in this snapshot and are available in the directory only; 689 records are plotted. Source providers may use different definitions and update schedules. A map point does not establish treaty membership.
Provincial and territorial outlines: Natural Earth, public domain. Albers equal-area projection; simplified geometry. Province lines provide present-day orientation and do not represent historical Indigenous boundaries. No area statistics are calculated from these simplified outlines.
ATRIS layer catalogue · First Nation locations · Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami · Métis Settlements General Council · Natural Earth terms
Educational reference. This is an introductory atlas, not a legal determination or a complete history. Nation-specific editorial review has not been completed.